Android系统中提供了两个命令行工具procrank、procmem用于查看系统中的内存使用情况。procrank可以查看系统中所有进程的整体内存占用情况，并按照规则排序。而procmem可以针对某个特定的进程分析其堆、栈、共享库等内存占用情况。这两个工具对于我们分析内存相关问题非常有效。由于Android系统使用的是Linux内核，理论上这样的工具可以在Linux上运行。

编译

参考Android系统中procrank、procmem的Android.mk发现他们依赖于libpagemap库，需要将其一并移植到Linux系统中。

Makefile可以通过CMake自动生成，当然前提是需要安装cmake工具。

sudo apt-get install cmake

参考Android.mk，可以写出如下的CMakeLists.txt.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)

PROJECT (mem_proc)

file(GLOB SOURCES "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libpagemap/*.c")

add_definitions (

-D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE

)

include_directories (${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libpagemap/include)

add_library(pagemap ${SOURCES})

add_executable(procmem  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/procmem/procmem.c)

target_link_libraries(procmem pagemap)

add_executable(procrank  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/procrank/procrank.c)

target_link_libraries(procrank pagemap)

编译过程如下：

-从GitHub下载源码

david-virtual-machine% git clone https://github.com/sunao2002002/mem_proc.git

正克隆到 'mem_proc'...

remote: Counting objects: 22, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (15/15), done.

remote: Total 22 (delta 4), reused 22 (delta 4), pack-reused 0

展开对象中: 100% (22/22), 完成.

检查连接... 完成。

-运行cmake生成Makefile

david-virtual-machine% cd mem_proc

david-virtual-machine% ls

build.sh  CMakeLists.txt  libpagemap  procmem  procrank

david-virtual-machine% mkdir out

david-virtual-machine% cd out

david-virtual-machine% cmake ..

-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0

-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0

-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc

-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works

-- Detecting C compiler ABI info

-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done

-- Detecting C compile features

-- Detecting C compile features - done

-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++

-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works

-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info

-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done

-- Detecting CXX compile features

-- Detecting CXX compile features - done

-- Configuring done

-- Generating done

-- Build files have been written to: /home/david/github/mem_proc/out

david-virtual-machine% ls

CMakeCache.txt  CMakeFiles  cmake_install.cmake  Makefile

david-virtual-machine%

-make生成可执行文件

david-virtual-machine% make

Scanning dependencies of target pagemap

[ 11%] Building C object CMakeFiles/pagemap.dir/libpagemap/pm_memusage.c.o

[ 22%] Building C object CMakeFiles/pagemap.dir/libpagemap/pm_process.c.o

[ 33%] Building C object CMakeFiles/pagemap.dir/libpagemap/pm_map.c.o

[ 44%] Building C object CMakeFiles/pagemap.dir/libpagemap/pm_kernel.c.o

[ 55%] Linking C static library libpagemap.a

[ 55%] Built target pagemap

Scanning dependencies of target procmem

[ 66%] Building C object CMakeFiles/procmem.dir/procmem/procmem.c.o

[ 77%] Linking C executable procmem

[ 77%] Built target procmem

Scanning dependencies of target procrank

[ 88%] Building C object CMakeFiles/procrank.dir/procrank/procrank.c.o

/home/david/github/mem_proc/procrank/procrank.c: In function ‘getprocname’:

/home/david/github/mem_proc/procrank/procrank.c:381:9: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘asprintf’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]

if (asprintf(&filename, "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid) < 0) {

^

/home/david/github/mem_proc/procrank/procrank.c:408:56: warning: comparison between pointer and integer

if (strncpy(buf, unknown_cmdline, (size_t)len) >= (size_t)len) {

^

[100%] Linking C executable procrank

[100%] Built target procrank

david-virtual-machine% file procrank procmem

procrank: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=19cdcb1d4674c66a3ea62e3bc026f01773a43ce0, not stripped

procmem:  ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=20e20cce4fd40bc859eca4d91d298f4d5165c8ff, not stripped

david-virtual-machine%

-也可以直接运行build.sh完成整个流程。

运行

procrank

procrank是按照内存占用情况对进程进行排序。因为它需要遍历／proc下的所有进程获取内存占用情况，所以在运行时候需要有root权限。可用排序的有VSS、RSS、PSS、USS。

VSS：Virtual Set Size，虚拟内存耗用内存，包括共享库的内存

RSS：Resident Set Size，实际使用物理内存，包括共享库

PSS：Proportional Set Size，实际使用的物理内存，共享库按比例分配

USS：Unique Set Size，进程独占的物理内存，不计算共享库，也可以理解为将进程杀死能释放出的内存

一般VSS >= RSS >= PSS >= USS

procrank默认是按照PSS降序排列

david-virtual-machine% sudo ./procrank -h

Usage: ./procrank [ -W ] [ -v | -r | -p | -u | -s | -h ]

-v  Sort by VSS.

-r  Sort by RSS.

-p  Sort by PSS.

-u  Sort by USS.

-s  Sort by swap.

(Default sort order is PSS.)

-R  Reverse sort order (default is descending).

-c  Only show cached (storage backed) pages

-C  Only show non-cached (ram/swap backed) pages

-k  Only show pages collapsed by KSM

-w  Display statistics for working set only.

-W  Reset working set of all processes.

-h  Display this help screen.

david-virtual-machine%

运行如下截图

procmem

procrank 给出了系统整体的内存占用情况，针对每一个进程具体分析就要使用procmem工具了。同样运行procmem需要root权限。

以上图1793号进程 /bin/sh为例，分析内存占用情况：

procmem 给出了procrank中VSS、RSS、PSS、USS的每一部分组成，包括进程可执行程序本身、共享库、堆、栈的内存占用。这里的信息应该是从/proc/pid/maps文件中获取的.